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RussianNounsJS
A JavaScript library that declines nouns.
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Installation
Frontend
<script src="RussianNouns.min.js"></script>or (without AMD)
<!-- from the same domain -->
<script type="module" src="myscript.js"></script>import 'RussianNouns.min.js';or (in a Web Worker)
importScripts('RussianNouns.min.js');Backend
npm i --save russian-nouns-jsconst RussianNouns = require('russian-nouns-js');Usage
The basics
const rne = new RussianNouns.Engine();
// Grammatical gender is a sort of noun class, related primarily to their sound.
// Although mostly native speakers just remember them.
const Gender = RussianNouns.Gender;
const Case = RussianNouns.Case;
rne.decline({text: 'имя', gender: Gender.NEUTER}, Case.GENITIVE);
// ◂ [ "имени" ]
rne.decline({text: 'имя', gender: Gender.NEUTER}, Case.INSTRUMENTAL);
// ◂ [ "именем" ]
// A number of loan words are not declined.
// You should explicitly state this to prevent inflection.
let coat = RussianNouns.createLemma({
text: 'пальто',
gender: Gender.NEUTER,
indeclinable: true
});
rne.decline(coat, Case.GENITIVE);
// ◂ [ "пальто" ]
RussianNouns.getDeclension(coat);
// ◂ -1
// Cases can be specified not only by name, but also by number.
// In the usual order: NOM, GEN, DAT, ACC, INS, PREP.
// And there is also the locative case as the seventh.
// It usually matches the prepositional one.
let mountain = RussianNouns.createLemma({
text: 'гора',
gender: Gender.FEMININE
});
RussianNouns.CASES.map(c => {
return rne.decline(mountain, c);
});
// ◂ [
// ["гора"]
// ["горы"]
// ["горе"]
// ["гору"]
// ["горой", "горою"]
// ["горе"],
// ["горе"]
// ]
// This is how you can get a plural form in the nominative case.
rne.pluralize(mountain);
// ◂ [ "горы" ]
// When you have the plural form in the nominative case, pass it
// as the third argument of the decline function to decline in plural.
RussianNouns.CASES.map(c => {
return rne.decline(mountain, c, 'горы');
});
// ◂ [
// [ 'горы' ]
// [ 'гор' ]
// [ 'горам' ]
// [ 'горы' ]
// [ 'горами' ]
// [ 'горах' ]
// [ 'горах' ]
// ]
// For words that are used only in plural, the original form
// of the word is the plural form in the nominative case.
// You should also explicitly state this.
// The concept of grammatical gender doesn't make sense for such words.
let scissors = RussianNouns.createLemma({
text: 'ножницы',
pluraleTantum: true
});
rne.pluralize(scissors);
// ◂ [ 'ножницы' ]
RussianNouns.CASES.map(c => {
return rne.decline(scissors, c);
});
// ◂ [
// [ 'ножницы' ]
// [ 'ножниц' ]
// [ 'ножницам' ]
// [ 'ножницы' ]
// [ 'ножницами' ]
// [ 'ножницах' ]
// [ 'ножницах' ]
// ]A complex example
const Gender = RussianNouns.Gender;
const createLemma = RussianNouns.createLemma;
const rne = new RussianNouns.Engine();
function sg(lemma, caseNumber) {
const c = RussianNouns.CASES[caseNumber - 1];
return rne.decline(lemma, c)[0];
}
function pl(lemma, caseNumber) {
const c = RussianNouns.CASES[caseNumber - 1];
const pluralForm = rne.pluralize(lemma)[0];
return rne.decline(lemma, c, pluralForm)[0];
}
function cap(str) {
return str[0].toUpperCase() + str.substring(1);
}
// Николай Степанович Гумилев
// Рассказ девушки (фрагмент)
const ворота = createLemma({text: 'ворота', pluraleTantum: true});
const тень = createLemma({text: 'тень', gender: Gender.FEMININE});
const снег = createLemma({text: 'снег', gender: Gender.MASCULINE});
const милая = createLemma({text: 'милая', gender: Gender.FEMININE});
const старая = createLemma({text: 'старая', gender: Gender.FEMININE});
const ель = createLemma({text: 'ель', gender: Gender.FEMININE});
const неведомая = createLemma({text: 'неведомая', gender: Gender.FEMININE});
const высота = createLemma({text: 'высота', gender: Gender.FEMININE});
console.log(`* * *
Я отдыхала у ${pl(ворота, 2)}
Под ${sg(тень, 5)} ${sg(милая, 2)}, ${sg(старая, 2)} ${sg(ель, 2)},
А надо мною пламенели
${cap(pl(снег, 1))} ${pl(неведомая, 2)} ${pl(высота, 2)}.`);
// * * *
// Я отдыхала у ворот
// Под тенью милой, старой ели,
// А надо мною пламенели
// Снега неведомых высот.Limitations
This library does not prevent you from misusing singularia tantum.
References
- Современный русский язык. Морфология - Камынина А.А., Уч. пос. 1999 - 240 с.
- Russian grammar (English Wikipedia)
- OpenCorpora (Russian text corpus)
- К семантике русского локатива ("второго предложного" падежа) - Плунгян В. А., Семиотика и информатика. - Вып. 37. - М., 2002. - С. 229-254